Analysis of Flow through Vaneless Contra-Rotating Turbine of Jet Propulsion Engine

As per the increasing demand of Jet propulsion Engine, it is required to improve the efficiency, reduction of weight and consideration of fuel consumption, which lead the researchers to arrive at an unconventional turbine known as vaneless contra rotating turbine (VCRT). The major advantage of this is in its compactness or in its ability to give high power/total weight. Research in this area is being pursued since many years. Scientists are putting their best to get the aim to its zenith. Such placement of flow path elements gives benefits, but needs special approach to organize flow inside the turbine. Modern aerodynamic designs, computational and optimization methodologies allow us to fulfill this task in the shortest period of time with the highest gain in turbine performance. The Aim of this topic is to understand the significance of blade design, geometries & domains and its effect in turbine efficiency & performance at various operating conditions. In this paper, three-dimensional multiblade row Navier-Stokes (3D RANS) simulations have been performed to investigate the flow characteristics of a VCRT. Bladegen modular are used to generate the Blades. TurboGrid modular is used for meshing. The turbine components are modeled for all the three spacing. In present work, 3D viscous flow simulation with SST k-? turbulence model is carried out in ANSYS CFX14.5. The flow in VCRT is very complex including several flow phenomena, such as turbulence, separation, swirling flow and unsteadiness flow. The variation of flow parameters from hub to tip of blades are presented in graphical form and average circumferential area (ACA) value of cascade parameters from inlet to outlet of the blades are computed at different operating regimes. The results of this analysis shows a good prediction of the flow behavior inside the blades and this lead to acceptable blade design, which can be used in VCRT

Cluster Hire in Social Networks Using Modified Weighted Structural Clustering Algorithm for Networks (MWSCAN)

The concept of effective collaboration within a group is immensely used in organizations as a viable means for improving team performance. Any organization or prominent institute, who works with multiple projects needs to hire a group of experts who can complete a set of projects. When hiring a group of experts, numerous considerations must be taken into account. In the Cluster Hire problem, we are given a set of experts, each having a set of skills. Also, we are given a set of projects, each requiring a set of skills. Upon completion of each project, a profit is generated for an organization. Each expert demands a monetary cost (i.e., salary) to provide his/her expertise in projects. The Cluster Hire problem can be solved by hiring a group of experts for a set of projects within the constraints of a budget for hiring and a working capacity of each expert. An extension to this problem is assuming there exists a social network amongst the experts, which contains their past collaboration information. If two experts have collaborated in the past, then they are preferred to be on the same team in the future. The goal of our research is to find a collaborative group of experts who can work effectively together to complete a set of projects. Currently, the solution to the Cluster Hire problem in social networks is achieved using greedy heuristic algorithms and Integer Linear Programming (ILP) approach. Greedy algorithms often generate fast results, but they make locally optimal choices at each step and do not produce global optimal results. The drawbacks of the ILP approach are that it requires a considerable amount of memory for the creation of variables and constraints and also has a very high processing time for large networks. Whereas, Weighted Structural Clustering Algorithm for Networks (WSCAN) has been proved to produce faster results for Team Formation Problem (i.e., hiring a team of experts for a single project), which is a special case of Cluster Hire problem. We are proposing to solve the Cluster Hire problem in social networks using Modified Weighted Structural Clustering Algorithm for Networks (MWSCAN). We run our experiments on a large dataset of 50K experts. ILP is not capable of working with such large networks. Therefore, we will be comparing our results with the greedy heuristic solution. Our findings indicate that the MWSCAN algorithm generates more efficient results in terms of the number of projects completed and profit produced for the given budget compared to the greedy heuristic algorithm to solve the Cluster Hire problem in social networks

Rpd3l contributes to the DNA damage sensitivity of saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint mutants

DNA replication forks that are stalled by DNA damage activate an S-phase checkpoint that prevents irreversible fork arrest and cell death. The increased cell death caused by DNA damage in budding yeast cells lacking the Rad53 checkpoint protein kinase is partially suppressed by deletion of the EXO1 gene. Using a whole-genome sequencing approach, we identified two additional genes, RXT2 and RPH1, whose mutation can also partially suppress this DNA damage sensitivity. We provide evidence that RXT2 and RPH1 act in a common pathway, which is distinct from the EXO1 pathway. Analysis of additional mutants indicates that suppression works through the loss of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex. Our results suggest that the loss or absence of histone acetylation, perhaps at stalled forks, may contribute to cell death in the absence of a functional checkpoint.Cancer Research UK FC001066UK Medical Research Council FC001066Wellcome Trust FC001066European Molecular Biology Organization ALTF 263–2011European Research Council Advanced 669424-CHROMORE

A Review: Radioactive Microspheres as a Theranostics

Microspheres as a drug delivery system hold great promise in reaching the goal of controlled drug delivery as well as site specific delivery. In the last few decades, scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of radio labeled microspheres. These are used successfully for the treatment of various cancers and tumors. Since response to chemotherapy and external radiotherapy is not so effective and hazardous too, so an alternative to this is internal radiation therapy. These radio labeled microspheres are very stable and have a proven efficacy in the field of primary as well as metastatic cancers. Radioactive microspheres can be selectively targeted to various tumors without undue radiation to the nontumorous tissues. The radioactive microspheres are injected to halt tumor growth via the blood supply, thereby enabling surgical removal once the tumor size decreases. This review provides an outlook to various aspects of radioactive microspheres and their role in treatment of various tumors and cancers

Nanosuspension: a novel approach to enhance solubility of poorly water soluble drugs- A review

Solubility is the crucial factor for drug effectiveness, independence of the route of administration. Large proportion of newly discovered drugs are water insoluble and therefore poorly bioavailable contributing to desert development effort. Nanosuspensions have emerged as a promising strategy for the efficicent delivery of hydrophilic drugs because of their versatile features and unique advantages. The reduction of drug particles into submicron range leads to a significant increase in dissolution rate and therefore enhances bioavailability. Nanosuspension contain submicron colloidal dispersion of the pharmaceutical active ingredient particles in a liquid phase stabilised by surfactant. Nanosuspensions can be delivered by oral and non-oral route of administration. Study is focused on various methods of preparation with advantages and disadvantages, characterization properties, applications

Formulation And Development Of Nanosuspension As An Alternative Approach For Solubility And Dissolution Enhancement Of Aceclofenac

Main objectives to develop Aceclofenac Nanosuspension are to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble Drug (aceclofenac), substantially leading to its bioavailability enhancement and Improvement of aqueous and saturation solubility in turn rapid release of Drug which leads to enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Aceclofenac Nanosuspension was prepared by quasi solvent evaporation method with help of different polymer and concentration. There was changes polymer ratio, volume of organic solvent and stirring speed. Aceclofenac nanosuspension gives immediate release. Aceclofenac nanosuspension were showing highest dissolution rate within 10 minutes comparison with marketed formulations. Aceclofenac Nanosuspension compacts may enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate in compare to other solubility enhancement technique hence, this research work may be useful to formulate Aceclofenac Nanosuspension which may give rapid onset of action by rapid absorption, maximize efficacy, dose frequency and hence increase patient Compliance